Module+6+Review

** COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES: ** Upon completion of this module the student will be able to: __Chapter 9__:  1. Distinguish between somatic cells and germ cells. // Somatic cells:  // // Germ cells:  //  2. Define the terms //chromatin, chromosome, sister chromatids// and //centromere.//  3. Describe the cell cycle. Name the stages and describe the key events that occur in each stage. // What happens in interphase? // //  When is the DNA replicated? // //  When does mitosis take place? // //  How much of the cell cycle is devoted to mitosis? //  4. Explain briefly the significance of mitosis in the life of a cell. List its four main stages and describe in detail the key events and structures involved in each stage. // Use this space to draw out the phases of mitosis and DESCRIBE in words what is going on, using as many vocabulary words as possible. Try to avoid using "plain English” and try and stick to the biological vocabulary you have learned as much as possible. //   5. Briefly compare the process of cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) in plant and animal cells.    __Chapter 10__:   1. Distinguish between //asexual// and //sexual// reproduction. Explain the major biological advantages of sexual reproduction.   //  asexual  //  //  sexual  //  2. Distinguish between the terms //gene// and //allele.//   3. Describe homologous chromosomes. Where do they come from?   4. State the //diploid number// and //haploid number// for humans. n=   2n=  // 5. //Describe the key events and stages of Meiosis I and Meiosis II. // Please use your biological vocabulary! //  6. Explain what is meant by “crossing over” and when does it occur during the process of Meiosis.  7. Explain how random fertilization, independent assortment, and crossing over contribute to genetic diversity. 8. Compare and contrast the overall process of mitosis and meiosis in terms of the type of cells each occurs in, the number of chromosomes present at the beginning and end of each process, the number of daughter cells produced, and are the daughters identical to each other or not. __Chapter 11__: 1. Briefly discuss the significance of Mendel’s work to the field of genetics. 2. Define the term // gene. //   3. Define and distinguish between these groups of terms: //“true-breeding” organisms// and //hybrids; P, F1,// and //F2 generations; genotype// and //phenotype; dominant// and //recessive; heterozygous// and //homozygous.// // What is a true breeding organism? // // P generation: // // F1 // // F2 // // genotype // // phenotype // // dominant genotype: (let’s say for pea plants PP, Pp) // // recessive genotype: (let’s say for pea plants pp) // // heterozygous: // // homozygous: //  4. Predict the phenotypic and genotypic outcome of a simple monohybrid cross. // Do all the combinations you can think of with a monohybrid cross to the F2 generation to make sure you see all the patterns. //  5. Describe the process of running a “//testcross//” to determine an unknown genotype.  5. Explain Mendel’s theories of “//segregation//” and “//independent assortment//”. // I discussed this on Elluminate, watch the recording to hear about it in detail. //  6. Explain the concepts of //incomplete dominance// and //codominance// as they relate to gene expression. // Cite the examples from your text of each of these phenomena. //  //  Incomplete dominance:  // // Codominance:  // // __ Also, epistasis: __ // // __ Pleiotropy: __ // __Chapter 12__: 1. Distinguish between //autosomes// and //sex chromosomes//. State the sex chromosome difference for human males and females. 2. Describe the process of karyotyping. // Don’t forget to do the lab on this and hand it in on Tuesday. //   3. Describe the changes in chromosome structure that result due to duplication, inversion, translocation, deletion, and non-disjunction “errors” that occur in meiosis.
 * For this Module Exam, please use the cognitive objectives for your review guide. **